What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliffI mean if they're running and they don't look where they're going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. The semantics of a word reflects different signs of the subject and the relation of its meanings to other objects it denotes. Here will be discussed the impact Salinger had, and still has, on writers worldwide. J. D. Salinger is one of the main representatives of the Modern literature which is experimented with a wide variety of new approaches and techniques, producing a remarkably diverse body of literature. Focused on some of Holdens linguistic repetitions and their importance, as well as on Salingers humor and comic effects and their renditions in the two versions. Holden also says in Chapter 16 I took my old hunting hat out of my pocket while I walked, and put it on. There are different types of lexical difficulties in translation and the main of them are: A polysemy is a word or phrase with multiple, related meanings. Salinger uses symbols to show the turning point of the characters lives. Salinger also shows his symbolism from other works through the work of Mark Twain. He fought in war. When done on synchronic level, this kind of code switching is called a paraphrase. They are sometimes called dead metaphors. Through experience it was learned that the consequences of wrong translations can be catastrophicespecially if done by laypersonsand mistakes made in the performance of this activity can obviously be irreparable. answer choices He had been expelled because he failed four of five subjects. In 1948 he published the critically-acclaimed story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" in The New Yorker magazine, which became home too much of his subsequent work. Lying and deception are the most obvious and hurtful elements of the larger category of phoniness. Learn which of the following circumstances usually comes before a period of economic contraction? Another epithet that was used by the author in his novel is hardly ever listened (J. D. Salinger: 6) This is a reserved epithet because it is composed of two words linked by a preposition and it was chosen in order to point out to the reader that speech of old Spenser was not a clear one and not understandable one for the listener. What did Holden write a composition about? . The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. One must remember, however, in the study and critique of the novel, particularly for a researcher or critic in 1996 that the story was written in a different time. The writings of the Salinger become very important for this time period, because he goes against the grain of society to show how it is wrong. Type your requirements and I'll connect Holden's younger brother, Allie, had died of leukemia several years before, and Allie was one of the few people about whom Holden has nothing bad to say. It lowers, if temporarily, "the dignity of formal or serious speech or writing"; in other words, it is likely to be seen in such contexts as a "glaring misuse of register.". The reader is intrigued by the dramatic aspect of the quarrel with Stradlater and hardly realizes that he is being cunningly conditioned to believe that Holden is capable of writing "The Catcher in the Rye," a book full of subtle observations about people and about life in general. Idiom generally have three characteristics: Translation is an exacting art. The works of Salinger show the quest for happiness through religion, loneliness, and symbolism. In some places, the repetitions become even language errors, revealing Holdens natural, informal style: and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap. Latest answer posted April 29, 2021 at 3:04:20 PM. What is the main message of The Catcher in the Rye. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Who is Holden talking to? Why is Holden worried about Jane and her date with Stradlater? He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. and how should i write it.. pls and thanks" eNotes Editorial, 27 Mar. False friends (or faux amis) are pairs of words in two languages or dialects (or letters in two alphabets) that look or sound similar, but differ in meaning. From History to Procedures, Zainurrahman 2009; http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary; http://lobeckta.tripod.com/carnavaldebinche/id7.html; Roderick A. Jacobs, English Syntax, A Grammar for English Language Professionals, Oxford University Press 1995; Salinger J. D. , The Catcher in the Ray, Penguin Book/Group 1958; Thesaurus of American Slang. about, []. There are five quotations that are used by the author in his novel The Catcher in the Ray: Game, my ass. cite it. This straightforward, simple read is nonetheless used in many schools today for its rich content of symbols and truthfulness. In the theory of translation, this type of code switching is called atransformation. He reads Holdens composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that its no wonder Holden is being expelled. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff-I mean if theyre running and they dont look where theyre going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. [11:p 65]. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Yes, Holden agrees with Stradlater to write composition for him because he decided to make a deal with the society. He does not want to grow up because hes afraid of the unknown, or whats coming next in his life. Rev. In English, gradation is based on rhythmical sequence; in Romanian, this device is logic-centered: the word, most important logically, is positioned in the end of the sequence. Those grammatical transformations maybe divided into following types: Substitution is one of the grammatical relations among the parts of the sentences. Salinger. In a New York Times op-ed piece published after J. D. Salingers recent death, David Lodge charged that many of Salingers critics simply didnt get his work, particularly his post-Catcher in the Rye and Nine Stories work. Since there is never a good coincidence of meaning between phraseologisms, there is a very high risk of finding others that have different metaphors, a different meaning, and are not at all fit for specific cases. My Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text's major themes. In New Zealand there was a book called Pounamu Pounamu by Witi Ihimaera. Ackley's room Holden is angry at his family for coping with Allie's death, he is angry at the world for continuing when his little brother died. A criminal profiler may offer an explanation of a suspect's behavior (e.g. I didnt mind the idea so much, but I didnt feel like being lectured (J.D.Salinger:14)through this stylistic device the author wanted to point out to the reader that Holden wasnt a boy who like to read a lot of and showed the he didnt like to study. He feels like he has a duty to save other people from growing up and maturing. He clearly identifies with those on the other side of the game, and he feels alone and victimized, as though the world is against him. ?>. Yet, while his behavior indicates his loneliness, Holden consistently shies away from introspection and thus doesn't really know why he keeps behaving as he does. P. Newmark calls them deceptive cognates, as their meanings are different and they can easily confuse the target text receptor. In conclusion, Salingers characters feel that society is hard and they have to go away. Allie's glove, with the green writing on it, is symbolic of isolation. According to Lotfipour-Saedi, the texture of a text can be characterized by textual features of: Cohesive relations may be grammatical or lexical. False friends - are an umbrella term where some similarity between two words in a language pair dealt with look or sound sufficiently alike to sometimes make translators render the source word by a target word that is semantically wrong in that context. can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing Contextual meaning of a word is always effective semantically and stylistically owing to its unexpectedness as well. Salinger. . Because false friends are a common problem for language learners, teachers sometimes compile lists of false friends as an aid for their students. We must think that the authors language was revolutionary, new and controversial at the time his first stories were published. 52) The red hunting hat is inseparable from the image of Holden Caufield, with good reason. In recent years, Salinger's later work has been defended by some critics; in 2001, Janet Malcolm wrote in The New York Review of Books that "Zooey" "is arguably Salinger's masterpiece. Rereading it and its companion piece "Franny" is no less rewarding than rereading The Great Gatsby". We could think that The Catcher in the Rye is next to the classical humour (for example, two Mark Twai`s works: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. In the conclusion can be sad that the Romanian version achieved its aim; that of creating a contemporary and updated translation, especially in terms of language and language use. Why is it ironic? Generally speaking, the more difficult an expression is to understand and the less sense it makes in a given context, the more likely a translator will recognize it as an idiom. Collocations is the way in which particular ors tend to occur or belong together. Louis Menand agrees, writing in The New Yorker that Salinger "stopped writing stories, in the conventional sense. He seemed to lose interest in fiction as an art formperhaps he thought there was something manipulative or inauthentic about literary device and authorial control." She was the daughter of his mother's best friend. There are three symbols unparticular that are used most regularly in the novel. Holden idealizes Allie, praising his intelligence and sensitivitythe poem--covered baseball glove is a perfect emblem for bothbut remaining silent about his emotional reaction to Allies death. Life is a game, boy. It will be enough to recollect the difficulties that the translator faced with translating wonderful works of outstanding American writer J.D.Salinger. Its a symbol of uniqueness and individuality as well. Nevertheless such cases are not always losses in translation. And it is quite natural that this matter covers a wide range of examples. Holden says he fought on D Day. This may be intended to explain why he doesn't write about his adventures and. In The Catcher in the Rye, what do Holden and Stradlater fight over? Every word in a language carries some concrete notion. It is like when polysemantic words in English and other languages do not coincide in their lexical-semantic variants and the same is when differ the function of identical stylistic device. Of course, Holden himself is guilty of both these crimes. Some of the major conclusions, differences or main observations between English and Romanian versions could be summarized as follows: The Romanian version uses more diverse ways of rendering Holdens speech habits or linguistic repetitions. For example attempts to justify a theft usually explain the motives (e.g., to feed a starving family). This is why you remain in the best website to see the incredible book to have. Absence of some corresponding word or lexical-semantic variant in both languages is also one of the reasons of applying additional words in translation. Instead of paying attention to the game, he would write poetry on his glove while playing the outfield. To this group belong international words, some words of human perception, mental activity. He says he would like to protect the children from falling off the edge of the cliff by catching them if they were on the verge of tumbling over. Holden's brash decision to attack Stradlater is a result of his pent-up anxiety and anger. He rebels against such society and system because he is unfit for it and he is unable to achieve things from this type of social system. In his definition of translation equivalence, Popovic distinguished four types: Linguistic equivalence, where there is homogeneity on the linguistic level. Holden is dealing with the loss of his brother, the fact that he his still a child on his way to adulthood and some serious emotions. False friends could be called inter-language synonyms, homonyms and paronyms. Such situations made the translators task and work tremendously difficult because they had to find ways of compensating the loss caused by the inability of recreating a similar effect in the TT because Romanian has a system in which words are written the same way they are read as opposed to English which has a different system. The best one in it was The Secret Goldfish. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! The general conclusion that can be drawn is that there cannot be a perfect translation, but there can be made efforts to try to find the best version of rendering a text from the SL into the TL. Holdens jargon is very important, because it emphasizes how this teenager was, how he talked We can see that Salinger has the tendency to use the second person pronoun you and the irony Its easy to see Holdens thoughts: the author reproduces the teenagers mind quite well. We often deal with paraphrasing when trying to explain or define things. It should be discussed cases of linguistic inconsistency in the Romanian version, such as the rendition of intonational stress. Nobodyd be different. If we talk about the language at Catcher in the Rye, we can say that the author uses a simple writing, with several interjections and qualifier adjectives; the tone of this novel is colloquial and full of teenagers expressions (it is written in a monologue and in lively slang; its also important the chronolect). Stuff (cloth), a type of cloth or fabric used to fill pillows and other items, Stuffing, a substance which is often placed in cavities of food items, Stuffed or preserved animals, created through the art of taxidermy. Another problem is the transferred qualifier, or an epithet syntactically joined to a word to which it does not belong logically. At this point in the novel, Holden's sense of disadvantage and corresponding bitterness seem somewhat strange, given his circumstances: he's clearly a bright boy from a privileged New York family. Practically, even identical words in different languages are not always equal in their meaning, they never correspond completely. Log in here. Translation from English into another language is not just a simple substitute of words from the English language by the words from another language. The second is represented by the analysis of a modernist novel written by J. D. Salinger The Cather in the Ray in which would be treated the points such as lexical pecularities and translation difficulties used by the author. Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% The presence of the hat, therefore, mirrors the central conflict in the book: Holden's need for isolation versus his need for companionship. The consequent need for a unifying function brought about a growth in the political importance of culture. my first topic sentence isabout emotional feelings towards Allie but i don't knw what can i pick for the 2 nd topic sentence. He uses the pronoun you all the time, but as we know this could be translated as tu, c-ati, va. If unrecognized, they are translated interpreting the meaning of the single words to the letter, with doubtful outcome. Salinger's language, especially his energetic, realistically sparse dialogue, was revolutionary at the time his first stories were published, and was seen by several critics as "the most distinguishing thing" about his work, During the investigation of this paper was identifying that J. D. Salingers style was marked by different themes, techniques that were used for achieving a good work such as J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Ray., After researching this paper it was established that: Lexical peculiarities - are the stylistic devices used by the author in his work. Holden cannot get a moment alone; Ackley continues to barge in with his made-up sex stories, and when Holden writes the very personal composition about his brother Allie, Stradlater criticizes it and then taunts Holden about Jane. As the source of the book's title, this symbol merits close inspection. The ducks are in context to a scripture in the Bible, which tells of how the ducks are Free. Distinguishing between general vocabulary and specialized terms. Lodge suggests that Salingerunbeknownst to his critics - was playing a kind of Shandean game. Offering a bold alternative to the famously critical 1961 review of Franny and Zooey in which John Updike concedes that Salingers fiction matches the tint and shape of present American life, but insists that it pays the price. The stylistic changes are as necessary as grammatical or lexical ones. Through this hyperbole the author wanted to point out to the reader what could do one little English job through this stylistic device the author intensify the functions of a little English job.. Other metaphors are occasionally constructed in individual speech. Holden questions why he should still be here, when he brother, who was smarter and kinder than him should be dead. Holden was very fond of his brother and discusses his reaction to Allies death. It is obvious from the start that Holden uses the hat as a mark of individuality and independence. Because Holden depends on his isolation to preserve his detachment from the world and to maintain a level of self-protection, he often sabotages his own attempts to end his loneliness. The object of this research paper can be considered as one that gives the detailed review of the translation difficulties. Another important writer of this period is William Faulkner with his works The Sound and the Furry, Light in August and The Hamlet. One of the central questions that Holden asks in the book, and never receives a satisfactory answer to, is how can a young person die and the world, his family, accept it and move on with their lives. In translation from English to other languages it is faced the conflict of two completely different cultures, levels of development, customs and traditions. The real thing, with the curtain of language somehow made transparent. The researched material showed all the types of translation difficulties used in the work The Catcher in the Ray by the author. Such statements may help us understand why the person committed the crime, however an uncritical listener may believe the speaker is trying to gain sympathy for the person and his or her actions. During a period was established that Salinger's writing has influenced several prominent writers, prompting Harold Brodkey (himself an O. Henry Award-winning author) to state in 1991: "His is the most influential body of work in English prose by anyone since Hemingway." the English Literature by Stulov Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of `the elements of a paradigmatic expressive axis', i.e. Holden hates it when people like Stradlater try to pretend the only reason they're bad at English essays is commas, when really they're just not good at, you know, English. Salingers writings deal with characters fulfilling their quest for happiness. Another important aspect of this chapter focused on the presentation of the major themes developed by Salinger in his novel, in the Nine Stories collection and in some of his mature and last publications until 1965 when he stopped publishing his writings. It also helps to improve ones understanding of the principal rules of translation which plays leading role while processing translation. A text has some features which make the texture of a text. One of the fist stylistic devices that were used by the author in his novel The Cather in the Ray is characters speech. The novel remains widely read, selling around 250,000 copies a year. or signs to have multiple meanings or a large semantic field. Perhaps Holden interacts with it with the innocence and the purity he believes with these characters represents and wears it as a way to connect to them. Ask and answer questions. Up home we wear a hat like that to shoot deer in, for Chrissake, he said. The types of the lexical peculiarities and their meanig would be pointed out in the context of this reserch paper. Although the language of the Romanian version is much harsher, stronger and more direct as the original, it is the only way Romanian readers who do not speak English or who did not read the novel in original (depending thus entirely on its translation) can really understand the controversy created around the novel and why so many people censured and banned it. J. D. Salinger needed to persuade the reader that Holden was capable of writing an entire "autobiographical" book, even though he was a poor student and was actually getting kicked out of school because of his bad grades. Home from his date, Stradlater barges into the room. In general, the main characters are usually misfits of society: they dont like their way of life; they use to start with their stories telling us their bad conditions, their problems with the society and life in general. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. J. D. Salingers secluded lifestyle had its share of contribution and impact on the very popularity he has rejected and the implicit controversy. Translation difficulties and lexical pecularities are the main points of an analyses. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Its possible that Salinger has a very negative view of the world; the author thinks that the research of happiness is based on 3 important elements: religion, loneliness and symbolism. There is another problem while translating the English text into Romanian. When Holden's roommate, Ward Stradlater, requested him to write his Englishcomposition for him, he didn't specify a subject. But in real-world relationships, people talk back, and Phoebe reveals how different her childhood is from Holden's romanticized notion. The symbol of isolation lies in the hat that Holden wears while he is writing. J. D. Salinger and The Catcher in the Rye Background. . They were fighting over writing the English composition. Read more about the setting of The Catcher in the Rye. harmony in order to life, The Importance of Stradlaters Composition in the Catcher in the Rye. Salinger seems to be almost identical to Holden in the story. The Catcher in the Rye and J. D. Salinger were very popular among young people because his rich and fresh vocabulary, full of slangs, connected with the teenagers; in the Fifties, there were a lot of articles about The Catcher Cult. If you get on the side where all the hot-shots are, then it's a game, all rightI'll admit that. The main representatives of this period are Ernest Hemingway, Sherwood Anderson, F. Scott Fitzgerald and the writer whose work would be treated in this thesis is J. D. Salinger with his well-known novel The Catcher in the Rye.. After a dry and unappetizing steak dinner in the dining hall, Holden gets into a snowball fight with some of the other Pencey boys. London 1995. However, the story had reached a turning point and Holden was at the height of his preoccupation, therefore, he could not think on the directions, so he decided to write about a baseball glove. Whatever the difficulty in the translation process, procedures must aim at the essence of the message and faithfulness to the meaning of the source language text being transferred to the target language text. He travels to New York at Christmastime to make a genuine human connection with another person.. This passage, in which Holden explains why he loves the Museum of Natural History, is located in Chapter 16. Like hell it is. I took it off and looked at it. Peculiar use of set expressions (clichs, proverbs. Textual (syntagmatic) equivalence, where there is equivalence of the syntagmatic structuring of a text, i.e. As his thoughts about the Museum of Natural History demonstrate, Holden fears change and is overwhelmed by complexity. It has also expressed my belief that a literary translation should not compete with the original, its main task being that of recreating the same atmosphere and the same effect of the ST on the TT readers and to make the readers understand the original text no matter if they speak or do not speak the SL since it is said that a translation can even make native speakers of a language better understand a SL text. (2019, Mar 02). Some idioms are 'misleading'; they seem transparent because they offer a reasonable literal interpretation and their idiomatic meanings are not necessarily signalled in the surrounding text. Franny and Zooey, NY, Bantam1964: Goodman, Anne. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? [5:p.66-67]. Theyre nice and all Im not saying that but. A lot of literary critics saw in this novel an advance of the crazies Sixties, with rebel and revolutionary young people who didnt understand the fabulous society that adults had build. The literature of this period is marked by the activities of many well-known writers. 20% A list of personal pronoun is provided here: In Romanian variant of the The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger is presented the tendency to omit the subject pronouns or to use their presupposed noun, because the verb carries an enclitic subject. He ran a tired hand through his hair.The word tired logically is linked with he, syntactically with hand. Thus, an important conclusion and argument in favor of C. Ionescus translation is that the first version is full of examples that lead to the idea of the need for a second translation in Romanian, examples which may not have been obvious without such an analytical comparison. In the book The Catcher in the Rye, in chapter 20, why does Holden do his "bullet in the guts" number again? The more Holden focuses on his dead brother, the more alone he feels. Holden believes childhood is very. He worshipped the memory of Allie,and he kept Allie's left-handed mitt in his suitcase. Besides, a short, compared with the noun predicate can not bear the emphatic sense of a large group of nouns. Because people are unpredictable, they challenge Holden and force him to question his senses of self-confidence and self-worth. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text.
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